1. El Efecto Pygmalión: El impacto de la imagen que alguien nos tiene
Las investigaciones Pygmalión fueron realizadas en salones de clase. Se les dijo a los maestros que algunos de los alumnos no fueron muy inteligentes, con la tendencia de tener resultados pobres y que muy a menudo no se portaban bien en el salón, mientras otros alumnos eran listos, trabajadores y exitosos. Los maestros creían en estas categorizaciones, aunque los alumnos realmente habían sido divididos en dos grupos al azar. Sin embargo, dentro de poco tiempo, casi sin excepción, los etiquetados de bajo potencial se estaban desempeñando de una forma muy pobre y aquellos etiquetados de alto potencial se desempeñaban de forma sobresaliente. (Jessum, 1986; Rosenthal y Rubin, 1978)
Los investigadores descubrieron que los maestros respondían a los alumnos en línea con lo que creían acerca su potencial y habilidades. Si el maestro pensaba que un alumno era inteligente y competente su lenguaje corporal era de ánimo, sus expresiones verbales eran de apoyo y el maestro hacía ajustes cuando el alumno no se desempeñaba bien. Sin embargo, con aquellos que pensaban ser menos capaces las interacciones eran concisas, rutinarias, someras y con menosprecio.
Además, se comprobó que las imágenes que el maestro tenía del alumno era un pronóstico más poderoso del desempeño del niño que su coeficiente intelectual, su ambiente familiar o desempeño pasado.
Los efectos de estos experimentos fueron tan dañinos para los alumnos etiquetados de "bajo desempeño" que la comunidad científica los descontinuó.
2. Este segundo experimento se trata de una maestra en Iowa, E.U., quien el día después del asesinato de Martin Luther King Jr. en 1968, creó una vivencia del significado de la discriminación con sus alumnos de tercer grado de primaria. En la liga a continuación encontrarás la fascinante e impactante historia de lo que enseñó a sus niños, el impacto que tuvo en sus vidas y vivencias posteriores con adultos.
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